Project Name: Technical Assistance Project (TAP) for Establishment of International Training Network Centre for Water Supply & Waste Management at Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET).
Name of Client: DANIDA, The World Bank
Period: January 1997 to June 2002 (66 months)
Description of Project: The aim of the programme was capacity building in WSS sector through transferring technology. The objectives of the programme was to develop an improved human resource base for the promotion and wider application of appropriate, affordable and sustainable low-cost water supply and sanitation for low-income groups. It was also intended through this programme to strengthen local capacity for training, information dissemination as well as applied research and demonstration activities. The immediate objectives were:
- Establishment of a network among the institutions for effective dissemination of information and promotion of sustainable water supply and sanitation service provisions,
- Re-orientation of curricula and syllabi for all levels of engineering education,
- Regular update of skills of water supply and sanitation staff and decision makers,
- Establishment of capacity for applied research and demonstration, and
- Establishment of a resource base to provide services on sustainable service delivery provisions in water supply and sanitation.
Project Name: ITN Component Sector Programme Support (SPS-I) Water Supply and Sanitation Sector, Bangladesh (WSSS)
Name of Client: DANIDA
Period: July 2002 to December 2005 (42 Months)
Description of Project: The primary objective of the project was to enhance capacity of human resources in the sector. Capacity building activities included training packages on WSS, research works, curricula and syllabi development for graduate and diploma engineering courses, documentation and publications of relevant WSS materials, workshops, seminars, conferences, development of national and international linkages, information dissemination and development of capacity of ITN itself. The overall objectives of the programme were:
- Improved capacity of sector professionals to plan and implement sustainable water supply and sanitation programme
- Fulfilment of the objectives concerning poverty reduction
Project Name: Risk assessment of arsenic mitigation options (RAAMO-I & II)
Name of Client: APSU/DFID
Period: July 2004 to June 2005 (12 Months)
Description of Project:
The principal objective of the study was to make quantitative risk assessment (QRA) of the water supply options identified in the implementation plan for arsenic mitigation in Bangladesh. Risk assessment is a tool used internationally to set drinking water quality standards, make comparison between drinking water sources and develop water safety plans.
The components of this QRA study of arsenic mitigation options included:
- Assessment of water quality and sanitary integrity
- Assessment of social awareness and acceptability, and
- Development of a model for the assessment of the likely disease burden from each option.
Project Name: Research into multi-stage filtration units (MSF)
Name of Client: APSU/DFID
Period: July 2004 to June 2005 (12 Months)
Description of Project:
In order to develop appropriate design criteria for multi-stage filtration (MSF) units for use of Bangladesh, a research was undertaken by ITN-BUET for the Arsenic Policy Support Unit (APSU).
The MSF system considered under the research comprised of three units; Dynamic Roughing Filter (DyRF) unit, Up-flow Roughing Filter (URF) unit and Slow Sand Filter (SSF) unit.
A number of research works were carried out in Bangladesh to develop units for treating water from surface water sources.
However, in optimizing appropriate treatment procedures, more work is required in particular to use the successful experiences gained in other developing countries in using multi-stage filtration plants.
Key areas to be investigated in Bangladesh include the evaluation of more efficient down-flow and up-flow configurations, identification of appropriate media size and type for removal of physical, microbial and chemical contamination.
The specific objectives were:
- Design and construct a laboratory-scale model multi-stage filtration (MSF) units;
- Investigate the water quality improvement performance of laboratory model unit;
- Determination of appropriate design criteria for MSF units for use in Bangladesh.
Project Name: Technical Assistance Project (TAP) for Knowledge Development & Training Networking (KDTN), Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Programme Support-II (WSSPS-II)
Name of Client: DANIDA & GoB
Period: January 2006 to December 2011 (72 Months)
Description of Project:
The development objective of the ‘Knowledge Development and Training Networking’ Project implemented by ITN Centre, BUET (ITN-BUET) was
to improve the standard of public health and promote sustainable environment through strengthened capacity of sector stakeholders
to support sustainable development of hygiene, sanitation and water supply.
The immediate objectives of the ‘Knowledge Development and Training Networking’ Project was to:
- Strengthen the capacity of government, local government institutions and non-government stakeholders at all levels to play the roles required to achieve the development objective; and
- Enhance the capacity of ITN-BUET to promote operational management and sector support.
Specifically, the project aimed at attaining improved capacity of sector professionals to plan and implement sustainable WATSAN programmes, and enhanced capacity of decision and policy makers in policy formulation. The main focus was on upgrading curricula and syllabi, development of teaching guidelines, conducting specialized courses, seminars and sector support activities. These were the foundations of the second phase project (WSSPS-II).
Project Name: Support to WSP pilot activities and training development
Name of Client: APSU/DFID
Period: : July 2004 to June 2005 (12 Months)
Description of Project:
Water Safety Plan (WSP) takes an effective process control rather than end product control in water system as the principal means of ensuring water safety. Control of risks through preventive operation and maintenance with simple and consistent monitoring that allows problems to be detected early and for remedial action to be taken immediately. Therefore, WSP needs to be implemented in all water systems for ensuring safe water delivery and thus to reduce incidence of water borne diseases. A large section of the professionals were not aware of the concept of WSP. To create awareness on WSP International Training Network (ITN) Centre,
BUET included this topic in its training agenda for the water sector professionals.
The main objective of this training course was:
To orient and create awareness and to expand knowledge base of the participants on current approach of safety management of water through operational monitoring and process control. More specifically:
- to understand the hazards that cause water unsafe;
- to identify control measures (existing or planned) that prevents hazards to ingress into the system and to control the process through operational monitoring;
- to assess sanitary and microbial risk of the water supply system through carrying out sanitary survey; and
- to enhance the knowledge and skills of the professionals for better management of both asset and safety of the water supply system.
Project Name: Asia Pro Eco Project on Capacity Building for Enhancing Local Participation in Water Supply and Sanitation Interpenetrations in Poor Urban Areas
Name of Client: European Commission (EC)
Period: : March 2006 to February 2008 (24 Months)
Description of Project:
Most slum areas in Bangladesh suffer from very deficient sanitary conditions as water supply and sanitation access is very precarious; and polluted water bodies surround the high densely populated suburbs. Furthermore, eviction threatens the permanence of the settlements discouraging slum dwellers to invest in water supply and sanitation improvements. According to the Slum Mapping and Census, 2005, 61.1% of the slum clusters use municipal taps as their drinking water source, 37% use tube wells and 1.9% uses other sources such as rivers, ponds, lakes and canals. In most part of the clusters (95.6%), slums dwellers are compelled to share the available drinking water sources with other households. Among those clusters with municipal taps, 34.9% share the facility with more than 10 households and almost half of the clusters with tube wells also share the facility with more than 10 households.
Community participation appears as a promising pathway to move towards universal drinking water and sanitation access. Keeping this in mind, the project aimed to define strategies to maximize involvement of community in water supply and sanitation interventions in urban poor areas. Thus, the objective of the project was to find innovative approaches, best practices and decisive factors ensuring effective community participation. Main focus of the project was on urban poor where reinforcing local capacity was specially needed.
The project was designed to develop training courses. It was addressed to professionals of the water supply and sanitation sector dealing with capacity building and community participation including technical trainers, academia, government bodies, NGOs and grassroots organizations.
The project was aimed to learn from case studies conducted in Bangladesh and Nepal. Different types of urban settlements and participatory approaches were examined in order to create a broad bunch of models. Even though field work was conducted in Nepal and Bangladesh, most of the findings could be extrapolated to the rest of the region.
Project Name: Training program on Water Safety and Development on Water Safety Plan for University Curriculum
Name of Client: WHO, AusAid
Period: September, 2010 to April, 2011 (07 Months)
Description of Project: WHO introduced the concept of water supply framework in its 3rd edition of the Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality (GDWQ, 2004) with its vision towards establishment of credible Water Safety Plans (WSPs) universally for the population to have access to safe drinking water. AusAid, in line with WHO’s global vision has set in motion its Water Safety Plan program since 2005. In Bangladesh Phase-ll of the program entails capacity building to plan, implement and scale up of WSP. ITN-BUET is involved with the promotion of Water Safety Plan (WSP) in Bangladesh and in the region since 2005. Since 2006, a routine training course on WSP has been incorporated in its training agenda to create awareness, impart knowledge and skill among the professionals on safety management of water supply. Acknowledging the reality that a large section of people in the country are still unaware of the WSP concept, ITN-BUET always considers to hold this specialized course with increasing importance and updated experience from the field. Under such circumstances, an agreement was signed between ITN-BUET and The World Health Organization (WHO) ITN-BUET trained a total 55 professionals in two training programs, developed a training module and training materials.
Project Name: Improved Food and Livelihood Security (IFLS) in Bagerhat District, Bangladesh in the Context of Increased Disaster Risk and Climate Change Project
Name of Client: European Union (EU), CAFOD
Period: March, 2010 to January, 2013 (35 Months)
Description of Project: The prime objective of the project was improving food and livelihood security of the poor people in coastal areas who are vulnerable to climate change impacts and natural disasters. Women, children and disable people were primary targets of this project. Supports that would increase their income level, help them to be aware of disasters and adapt to the coping mechanisms to sustain in disasters were given priority.
Project Name: Research Study on Storage and Recharge Potential of Rainwater in Dhaka City to Promote Ideal Practice of Rainwater Harvesting System in Urban Areas
Name of Client: WaterAid Bangladesh
Period: October, 2012 to September, 2015 (36 Months)
Description of Project:
Rainwater collected from clean rooftops is generally free of mineral pollutants like fluoride and calcium salts which are generally found in ground water. But it is likely to be contaminated with other types of pollutants: air pollutants and surface contamination (e.g., silt, dust). The cleanliness of the roof in a rainwater harvesting system most directly affects the quality of the captured water. Maintaining the quality of water is very important for long-term storage. Well designed rainwater harvesting systems with clean catchments and storage tanks supported by good hygiene at the point of use can offer drinking-water with very low health risk, whereas a poorly designed and managed system can pose high health risks. The quality of rainwater may deteriorate during harvesting, storage and household use. Poor hygiene during storing and collecting water from tanks or at the point of use can also cause health concerns. However, risks from these hazards can be minimized by good design and maintenance using technologies.
Therefore, the quality of stored rainwater for direct use will be monitored for different seasons. It will also be monitored how the quality of stored rainwater changes with time. The identification of contamination sources is also important to avoid deterioration of rainwater quality.
The water supply sector in Bangladesh is largely dependent on ground water source. In Dhaka city, 87% of the city supply is covered by ground water. This over extraction of ground water from aquifers, supplemented by the paved area, which reduces the chance of infiltration of rainwater, has worsened the scenario. As a result, lots of tube wells are getting abandoned every year for the depletion of ground water table. Therefore, interventions must be undertaken to arrest the rate of ground water declination in areas like Dhaka. The recharging of aquifers by rainwater harvesting through recharge wells could be a good solution where the rainwater will be channeled from the catchment area to the recharge wells and finally to the aquifer after filtration. To evaluate the success of recharge system, hydro-geological analysis of the whole system will be needed to develop a guideline and overcome the constraints that could hinder the recharge system. Successful implementation and the results will help to develop the system which will definitely benefit the ongoing water crisis of Dhaka city and other water scarce areas.
Project Name: Alternative Options for Access to Safe Water for the Costal Area.
Name of Client: DFID, CAFOD
Period: February, 2013 to February, 2015 (25 Months)
Description of Project: Four primary physical effects have been identified as key vulnerabilities in the coastal areas of Bangladesh: saline water intrusion; drainage congestions; extreme events; and changes in coastal morphology. The depletion of the groundwater table as a result of over extraction of ground water along with longer spells of drought in Northern part of Bangladesh is also affecting the water crisis. Challenges associated with water supply in Bangladesh include a) high population density; b) high levels of arsenic in the groundwater in many parts of the country; and c) high microbial contamination levels in the surface water. Existing coping mechanisms and technologies have limitations and ITN-BUET (Centre for Water Supply and Waste Management) and many stakeholders in county are calling for reviewing these and researching improved technologies. Two prime parameters are being considered in promoting mitigation measures to the current crisis: adaptive capacity and available resources, together with disaster resilient approach. Two CAFOD partners will explore alternative options for managing water resources that will compliment the current EC-CAFOD funded multi-partner DRR livelihoods programme (IFLS). As a Water Supply and Waste Management research institute, ITN-BUET is in a position to apply its research knowledge and expertise to address some of these challenges in an innovative way in the following areas. ITN-BUET will use their research expertise to construct community rainwater harvesting systems with solar and UV based purification systems, introduce desalination plant powered by solar energy, and modified Pond Sand Filters (PSF) to provide access to safe drinking water for large number of people, and also will modify some current sanitation systems. The establishment of a water management committee and awareness raising sessions on WASH, operation and maintenance of the system will aid in ensuring that these water resources are managed and maintained by the target communities. A total of 18,523 beneficiaries, 3,368 households, (approx 51% female and 49% male, of which approx 6% are children and 8% are adolescent) in five unions of the coastal areas of Bagerhat will be targeted.
Project Name: “Situation Analysis” water supply & sanitation sector research in Bangladesh
Name of Client: DANIDA
Period: June 1998 to May 1999 (12 Months)
Description of Project: The objectives of this project was to assess the state of art of water supply and sanitation (WSS) sector research in Bangladesh by reviewing and analyzing research and development oriented activities in the sector focusing on access and use of the facility, technological and social interventions and beneficiary participation, particularly involvement of women. This project developed an overview of WSS sector in Bangladesh as background information, followed by preparation of summary of documented research and study reports. The policies, strategies, major issues, organizations and development partners in WSS sector were identified.
Project Name: “Sanitation Strategies and Technologies” flood-prone and high water table areas of Bangladesh
Name of Client: DANIDA
Period: May 1998 to February 1999 (10 Months)
Description of Project: Bangladesh achieved a remarkable success by providing impressive coverage in water supply, while sanitation is lagging far behind. In rural socio-economic context, pit-latrine is considered as an appropriate sanitation options in Bangladesh. However, annual flooding, high water table, excessive rainfall and adverse soil condition in many areas often causes overflow and collapse of pit-latrines rendering them unsuitable for the intended purpose. Several studies reveal that the lack of appropriate sanitation facilities in flood –prone areas particularly during flood period was contributing to health problems and environmental degradation. Dispersion of wastewater from latrines into the ground water was a significant pollution problem in high-water table areas in the coastal belt of Bangladesh. Only the provision of physical sanitation facilities was not enough for the inhabitants of flood-prone and high-water areas to protect themselves from diseases as well as from environmental degradation. Specific strategies and appropriate technologies were required to cope with the sanitation problems in such areas of Bangladesh. To analyze the existing situation and current practices of sanitation, ITN-BUET carried out this research project with the aim of investigating the strategies and appropriate technologies suitable for high-water table and flood-prone areas of Bangladesh, particularly in three project areas - Dhaka, Patuakhali and Sylhet. The study recommended low-cost and sustainable remedial options of sanitation to improve the situations.
Project Name: “Development of communication materials” for rural water supply and sanitation programme
Name of Client: DANIDA
Period: July 1999 to January 2000 (07 Months)
Description of Project: Communication materials on water supply and sanitation (WSS) and hygiene practices play an important role in conveying messages to the end users. Although the importance of communication materials is well understood, yet the presence of effective materials was not quite common in the sector. Conveying appropriate messages to the target groups remained a challenge. In this regard, ITN-BUET had undertaken this research project to come up with a set of recommendations towards development of effective communication materials to address the need of the sector in this area, based on a learning process with the participation of community people. Peoples’ perception about the existing materials was examined wherefrom the factors influencing the effectiveness of materials were identified. Finally, a set of recommendations were made towards development of effective communication materials.
Project Name: “Appropriate Design of Ecological Sanitation for Bangladesh”
Name of Client: DANIDA
Period: November 2007 to April 2008 (06 Months)
Description of Project: For most people sanitation means sitting on a toilet and flushing away the excreta as waste. There are at least 2.6 billion people, representing almost half of the world population mostly in rural Asia and Africa, who do not have access to adequate or improved sanitation/wastewater treatment facilities (WHO/UNICEF JMP 2005). Every year between two and three million people die because of inadequate sanitation, insufficient hygiene, and contaminated food and water (WHO/UNICEF JMP 2005). But technically, even access to “improved” sanitation does not solve the problem because conventional pit latrines usually fail to sanitize and contribute to ground water pollution. So, in reality more than 2.6 billion people need to gain access to effective and sustainable sanitation. About 2.8 billion individuals have access to some type of sanitation, mostly pit latrines, of which many are unhygienic. Of the 1.1 billion people served by sewerage systems, it is estimated that only 30% of those systems have advanced end-of-the-pipe treatment (secondary level or better) (Matsui, 2002) and the remaining 70% are sources of downstream contamination. These figures indicate that even people with conventional sanitation solutions do not escape the sanitation crisis. So, innovative sanitation solutions, firm institutional foundations and locally adapted technologies are required to help meet the MDGs in a sustainable way. Conventional sanitation is currently offered by two models: Pit san (pit-toilets) or flushsan (flush toilets). Sanitation can improve social and economic conditions for all, but especially for impoverished communities. Clearly we need to look for an alternative, cost effective, non-sewerage paradigm of human waste disposal. There is a growing attention for ecological sanitation and this is giving rise to innovations from the concept of sewer-less cities using new technologies, which use extremely low amounts of water or no water at all, and in which all the wastewaters and the solid wastes are recycled. Ecological sanitation can be viewed as a three step process dealing with human excreta: containment, sanitization and recycling. The objective is to protect human health and the environment while reducing the use of water in sanitation systems and recycling nutrients to help reduce the need for artificial fertilizers in agriculture. In the concept of ecological sanitation (ecosan) not only health issues but also conservation of water and other resources as well as the protection of aquatic ecosystems are taken into consideration. Some organizations including NGOs have already installed some models of ecosan. These eco-toilets are installed based on the practice of eco-toilets in other countries. Detail information on design and field performance of such eco-toilets is not yet available. It is therefore important to assess its effectiveness and acceptability of ecsan, and review the performance and design criteria of existing ecosan technologies implemented in Bangladesh.
Project Name: ToT for JICA expert Team on “Solid Waste Management”
Name of Client: JICA
Period: September 2010 to December 2010 (04 Months)
Description of Project:
The objective of the project on “strengthening of Solid Waste Management” was to improve the solid waste management services of Dhaka City Corporation. In order to achieve the objective, one of the strategies was to promote participatory solid waste management program. To make this strategy successful DCC-JICA Expert Team implemented Community Based Solid Waste Management to facilitate participation of community people in solid waste management (SWM). The Project Team conducted series of trainings which provided necessary skills and knowledge for improvement of SWM. The trainings were conducted targeting community people, primary collection service providers and local organizations aiming to improve community level solid waste management.
For improving Ward-Based SWM, it was necessary for DCC staff to obtain the knowledge and skills on how to arrange training in fruitful ways. To conduct above tasks, trainings were necessary for the counterparts of the project. After evaluation of the overall situation, the project team (JICA and ITN-BUET) decided to arrange a 5 days TOT training so that DCC staffs can implement above tasks smoothly.
Project Name: Specialized Course on “Water Quality Analysis for Laboratory personnel”
Name of Client: Bangladesh Agricultural Development Corporation (BADC)
Period: May 2009 to June 2009 (02 Months)
Description of Project: Under the “survey and monitoring of irrigation project” of Bangladesh Agricultural Development Corporation (BADC), testing of different water quality parameters needed to be carried out in 6 divisional chemical laboratories. In order to enhance the capacity of the newly appointed chemists and laboratory technicians of BADC, training on laboratory analysis and measurements (including use of sophisticated equipment, e.g., AAS, UV-Spectrophotometer), and QA/QC was needed. . The course was developed as a TA sub-project of BADC aimed at improving expertise and efficiency of BADC chemists and technicians. ITN-BUET developed the specialised course module and undertook a 6- day training program for the BADC chemists and technicians.
Project Name: Specialized Course on “Irrigation Water Analysis and Application of Spectrophotometer for BADC Laboratory personnel”
Name of Client: Bangladesh Agricultural Development Corporation (BADC)
Period: May 2003 to June 2003 (02 Months)
Description of Project: Under the “Survey and Monitoring project” of Bangladesh Agricultural Development Corporation (BADC), water quality parameters needed to be tested in 6 divisional chemical laboratories throughout the country. In order to carry out sampling and analysis of water quality parameters, the newly appointed chemists and laboratory technicians of BADC required practical training of water sample collection, preservation, testing (e.g., using AAS and UV-VIS Spectrophotometer), and QA/QC. An agreement signed between BADC and ITN-BUET to conduct a training program on irrigation water analysis and application of spectrophotometer for BADC laboratory personnel. ITN-BUET developed a specialised training course module and undertook a nine (9)-days long training program for chemists and laboratory technicians during May 31 to June 8, 2003.
Project Name: Development of education materials including teaching guide on Water Safety Plan for university curriculum
Name of Client: WHO
Period: September 2013 to December 2013 (3.5 Months)
Description of Project:
The WHO Bangladesh, under the WHO-AusAID water quality partnership programme is working on mainstreaming Water Safety Plan (WSP) in the country. For achieving the outcomes of the project, one of the strategies is to develop human resources and embedding WSP in the curriculum of the technical universities and polytechnic institutes. In Bangladesh, the water supply sector is primarily run by graduates from technical and engineering institutions. The performance of the sector in providing safe water to communities depends to a large extent on the knowledge and technical know-how of these technical/ engineering graduates. The concept of WSP is relatively new and has not been incorporated in the course curriculum of most technical universities. At the same time, new lessons have been learnt from the implementation of WSPs in Bangladesh over the past years. Therefore, this seems to be the most appropriate time to introduce the concept and practice of WSPs in the curriculum of engineering and technical education, so that graduates could better prepare themselves in facing the challenges in the water supply sector of the country. For this purpose, it is very important to develop educational material and teaching guide on WSP incorporating input from all concerned (including faculty and practitioners), and incorporate WSP at appropriate levels of technical/engineering course curriculum.
An agreement has been signed between WHO and ITN-BUET for development of education materials including teaching guide on Water Safety Plan for university curriculum.
Project Name: Study on WASH (Water, Sanitation and Hygiene) challenges in Slum areas of Dhaka City
Name of Client: Oxfam, Australian Aid
Period: April 2014 to June 2014
Description of Project: Although Bangladesh has achieved commendable success in overall coverage of water supply and sanitation services, still urban WASH (Water, Sanitation and Hygiene) remains a major challenge. While sanitation coverage in urban areas averages more than 90% (basic) and 55% (improved), only 12 - 30% of slum populations have access to hygienic sanitation facilities. Drinking water, sanitation, solid waste management and other basic services including health, education, and fire safety remain inaccessible due to gaps in relevant policies and disparity in development plans and strategies. Absence of specific policies and regulatory framework for development of slums and squatter settlements are also major barriers. People living in slums are often unaware of the ill effects of unsafe water, unhygienic latrines, and improper disposal of solid wastes and consequently suffer from diseases and burdens of health care costs. For improving WASH services, it is a prerequisite to have a clear understanding of the WASH challenges in urban slum areas. However, there is lack of reliable data/information on the current WASH situation in urban slum areas. The objective of this study was to assess the current situation of WASH in four selected slums located in Ward no. 21, 24, 35 & 15 of Dhaka North City Corporation (DNCC). Specific objectives of this study were:
- a) To establish evidence based strong rationale for improving access to WASH services for slum dwellers; and
- b) To influence relevant stakeholders including GoB line departments, donors, I/NGOs and raise public awareness on sustainable water and sanitation interventions for slum dwellers
Methodology:
As a part of this study, relevant documents, particularly those on WASH situation in urban slums and national level surveys were reviewed. A questionnaire sample survey was conducted during April 2014 in four selected slums of Dhaka city. The questionnaire comprised of six major sections: Socio-economic condition, Water supply, Sanitation, Hygiene (including menstrual hygiene management), Financial Issues, and Other issues
(e.g., solid waste management, drainage). Ten enumerators (five male and five female) and one supervisor were engaged for carrying out the questionnaire survey. Extensive training was provided to the field enumerators with the finalized survey instruments. Four urban slums in Dhaka city were selected for the study: (i) Badda Shahjadpur Jheelpar slum (Ward no. 19), (ii) Boro Moghbazar 12 no. Peyarabagh slum (Ward no. 35), (iii)
Vawalbagh (Nakhalpara) Rail line slum (Ward no. 24) and (iv) Vashantek 1 no. slum (Ward no. 15). The questionnaire survey covered 200 households, 50 from each slum. In addition, 4 Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were carried out, one in each slum. The main purpose of the FGDs was to get views of slum dwellers on different aspects of WASH and other issues.
Participation of different stakeholders including member of different professions, agegroups, gender and social groups were ensured in the FGDs. A workshop was organized on 19 June 2014 to share the draft report/ findings of the study and to get feedback of the stakeholders. The draft report was finalized incorporating the feedbacks.
Click here to download Study report on 'WASH Challenges in Slum Areas of Dhaka City