FSM

Sewage sludge, with its high water content, consists of settled sewage solids. The solid content of most sewage sludges typically ranges from 1.2 to 4.5 percent. Dewatering sewage sludges is essential to reduce volume for easier handling, subsequent treatment, and safe disposal. Notably, the cost of sludge treatment and disposal accounts for nearly half of sewage treatment costs. In the past, cities used to load sludge on barges and dispose of it in the high seas, but strict maritime laws now prohibit such discharge. As a result, proper sludge treatment and safe disposal have become crucial for achieving sustainable development goals in sanitation.

ITN-BUET conducted this action research to assess the overall performance of FSM services in Paurashavas (Municipalities), where FSM service has been operational for a few years.